Qualitative Analysis Data

Document Review

A list of 55 documents from the Army and external sources pertaining to the role of an individual in unit performance were collected. The author, keywords, potential for use in our analyses, detailed document description, date written, and notes were collected to guide the document selection process. The chart below shows one example of how a document was annotated. [1]

Corpus

The 10 documents most relevant to teams and leadership in the Army, as well as academic writing on team science, spanning the last 50 years were chosen for further analysis. [2]

Selected Documents

  • ADP 6-22: Army Leadership and the Profession

  • AR-623-23: Performance Evaluation Guide - Leadership Requirements Model and Example Behavioral Indicators

  • Building Cohesive Teams Handbook

  • FM 6-22: Leader Development

  • Leaders Guide to Team Building Handbooks

  • PAM 600-3: Officer Professional Development and Career Management

  • PAM 623-3: Evaluation Reporting System

  • TC 7-21.13: Soldier’s Guide

  • The Relationship Between Organizational Characteristics and Team Building Success

  • What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor

Army documents:

We reviewed seven types of administrative documents officially published by the Army Department of Army Authenticated Publications:

Army Directive (AD)

  • A directive or information memorandum issued by the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) to establish or change policy or guidance for distribution and applicability Army wide (Department of Deference Publication Definitions)

Army Regulation (AR)

  • A publication that sets forth missions, responsibilities, and policies; delegates authority; sets objectives; and prescribes mandated procedures to ensure uniform compliance with those policies.

Department of the Army (DA) pamphlet (PAM)

  • A permanent instructional publication. Unless mandated in an AR, procedures established in a DA pamphlet are for guidance only and to establish optional or helpful methods of performing mission and functions, define probable courses of action, and explain how something is affected.

Army Doctrine Publications (ADP)

  • Address fundamental principles by which operating forces and elements of generating force that directly supports operations guide their actions in support of national objectives.

Handbook

  • Explains techniques as opposed to principles. Handbooks tend to be more detailed and specific and provide a method for accomplishing a task. Its goal is to give information on a specific topic as a reference.

Field Manual (FM)

  • Published by the United States Army’s Army Publishing Directorate and contains detailed information and how-tos for procedures important to soldiers serving in the field. FM contains principles, tactics, procedures, and other doctrinal information that describes how the Army and its organization conduct operations and train for those operations.

Training Circulars (TC)

  • A permanent publication that provides a means to distribute unit or individual Soldier training information that does not fit standard requirements for other established types of training publications

Non-Army documents:

In order to compare how individual factors relevant to team success might differ between Army and civilian teams, we also included two non-Army documents in our analysis.

What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor

  • A publication by researchers at the University of Southern California exploring a heuristic framework illustrating recent trends in depiction of team effectiveness, group, and organization design factors, environmental factors, internal processes, external processes, and group psycho-social traits written for the general public and other academics

The Relationship Between Organizational Characteristics and Team Building Success

  • A publication by researchers at the University of Akron exploring the influence of organizational structure and team building on work group effectiveness written for the general public and other academics

Excerpts

There was a total of 320 excerpts coded within the ten documents used in the qualitative analysis. [3]

  1. Document Discovery: Documents highlighted with green indicate that they may be relevant to the research topic. Documents highlighted with yellow are the 10 documents used in the qualitative analysis.

  2. Corpus

  3. Total Excerpts